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The Animal Welfare Board of India & Ors Vs Union of India & Anr
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The Animal Welfare Board of India & Ors Vs Union of India & Anr|| Parag Chaturvedi and Abhishek Gaurav Verma
A five-judge constitution bench comprising Justices KM Joseph, Ajay Rastogi, Aniruddha Bose, Hrishikesh Roy, and CT Ravikumar on 18.05.2023 upheld the validity of amendments made by Tamil Nadu to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act. This decision cleared the path for the conduct of Jallikattu in the state. The Court stated in its judgment that while Article 21 provides protection to individuals rather than just citizens, it would not be appropriate for the Court to extend this protection to include bulls within its scope. The Court expressed doubts about whether detaining a stray bull against its will could be a valid basis for a habeas corpus writ. Furthermore, the Court emphasized that Article 14 of the Constitution cannot be invoked by animals, and even animal welfare laws must be challenged by humans advocating for animal rights. It clarified that the Court can examine the provisions of animal welfare legislation, but only when brought forward by a human or a juridical person advocating for animal welfare.
The Court responded to arguments that Jallikattu causes unnecessary pain and suffering to bulls for entertainment purposes by explaining that other activities involving animals, such as horse racing, also involve some degree of pain and suffering.
The Court stated that deciding the degree of pain and suffering inflicted on sentient animals should be left to the legislature.
Additionally, the Court upheld laws allowing Kambala and bull cart racing in Karnataka and Maharashtra. It affirmed that these laws do not violate Articles 51A(g) and 51A(h) and, therefore, do not infringe Articles 14 and 21 of the Indian Constitution. The Court declared the amendment acts to be valid legislations and directed strict implementation of these laws by the District
Magistrate and competent authorities. Previously, in May 2014, the Supreme Court had ruled that Jallikattu, as practiced at that time, violated the rights of the animals involved and the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act. The Court had also determined that Jallikattu was not a cultural or traditional practice of Tamil Nadu. Consequently, the Tamil Nadu Jallikattu Regulation Act of 2009 was struck down.
In January 2016, the Central government issued a notification exempting Jallikattu and bullock cart races from the PCA Act, which was later challenged in the Supreme Court. Subsequently, the Tamil Nadu government enacted the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act of 2017, enabling the conduct of bull-taming sports like Jallikattu.
The demand and appetite for improvements in technology is not only driven by the healthcare practitioners increasingly
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I, Debasmita Nandi, was interning with your firm for the period of July 2023. I have gained invaluable experience and immense knowledge in the field of law in this period. I have drafted several agreements and visited Consumer Courts and District Courts, to view proceedings which have bestowed and accustomed me to the working of the same. I have done various research assignments on certain law points and attended meetings with seniors where various provisions of law including land laws, citizenship rules, and other judgments were discussed at length. I have made various case briefs on cases pertaining to SARFAESI proceedings, unauthorised transactions through credit cards and consumer disputes.
Working in this firm, never felt like a burden and I thoroughly enjoyed my time here. I would be delighted to come back here another time.
I thank everyone associated and all my seniors who guided me without any hesitation throughout the period of my internship.
I am Ujan Borman, a legal intern from the University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata; presently I’m in 3rd year (6thSEM) pursuing BBALLB honoursand I hope this message finds you well. I'd want to take this chance to say how appreciative I am for the priceless knowledge and professional development I acquired while serving as an intern at S. Jalan & Co. As my internship, lasted from June 5 to July 1, 2023 (4 weeks), draws to an end, I want to express my opinions and solicit feedback on the whole experience.
My internship objectives were to increase my knowledge of the legal process in a professional setting, as well as my proficiency in translating legal materials and conducting legal research while also developing my knowledge of legal jargon and document formatting. My sincere gratitude goes out to Trishita Ma'am,Shruti Ma'am, Ayan Sir, Abhishek Sir &Snehasis Sir for their assistance and for addressing all of my task-related questions. The collaborative method used to complete the assignments is the feature of their work that I believe to be really beneficial.
I drafted BNA (Brief Notes on Arguments), Questionnaires, a List of Dates, a Joint Compromise application, an RTI, and an Attornment letter & researched various judgments and legal topics which helped me in honing my legal skills. Also, I visited various courts which helped me in understanding the practical application & intricacies of the law.
My expectations were beyond my satisfaction level. The first thing I noticed about the office was that everything was made for the employee’s comfort. Everyone I interacted with was pleasant, and it was a welcoming working ambience. They were eager to share their knowledge with me, forgiving of my mistakes, and always gave me interesting assignments.
All the associates of the firm, as well as the CEO & HR ma’am, were very helpful.They helped me with all my queries and helped me to solve all my problems. With them, office work does not seem dull and routine because they are all genuinely nice, fascinating, and diverse individuals.This is the place for you if you are prepared to learn, ready for challenging requirements, and ready to handle criticism well. This internship is not for people who only want to pass it to look good and get a spot on the sidelines.
I owe a debt of gratitude to the Managing Partner, Sourav sir, associates and the entire staff of S Jalan & Co. for giving me this priceless chance.Together with the supportive work environment, the real-world experiences I had during my internship helped me to develop my legal expertise while also igniting a strong interest in the legal field. Thank you for giving me this opportunity, I look forward to applying my legal learnings in my future legal aspirations.
I am Snehatit Sett, a legal intern from University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata and I hope this message finds you well. I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude for the invaluable experience and professional growth I have gained during my internship at S. Jalan & Co. As my tenure from 5th June till 1st July 2023 comes to an end, I want to share my thoughts and provide feedback on my overall internship experience.
During my internship I had the privilege of being entrusted with a diverse range of assignments that allowed me to gain valuable practical experience in the legal field. The associates at the firm provided me with exceptional support and guidance throughout, fostering a positive and conducive learning environment. I had the opportunity to work on a wide range of drafting assignments, which proved to be immensely valuable in honing my legal skills. Under the guidance and mentorship of the associates at the firm, namely Trishita ma’am and Shruti ma’am, I have received thorough explanations and unwavering support whenever I encountered challenges.
I successfully drafted an Appeal, BNA (Brief Note of Argument), reply of BNA, Written Objection, List of Dates, Synopsis etc. during my tenure at the firm. These assignments allowed me to apply my legal knowledge and develop essential drafting skills. They provided me with clear instructions and patiently guided me through the intricacies of each task. Their expertise and willingness to assist greatly contributed to my understanding of effective legal drafting techniques. Additionally, I had the opportunity to conduct research on various legal topics assigned by the associates. They provided me with valuable resources, directed me towards relevant case law and statutory provisions, and encouraged me to think critically while analysing legal issues. Their guidance helped me navigate complex legal concepts and strengthened my research capabilities.
The office environment was truly exceptional and played a significant role in making my internship experience fulfilling and enjoyable. From the moment I stepped into the firm, I was greeted with a warm and welcoming working ambience that fostered collaboration and teamwork. The firm's commitment to professionalism was evident in every interaction. The staff members and colleagues demonstrated a high level of integrity, respect, and dedication to their work. Their positive attitudes and willingness to assist created an environment that encourages open communication and knowledge sharing.
I am immensely grateful to the associates and the entire team at S Jalan & Co. for providing me with this invaluable opportunity. The practical experiences gained during my internship, coupled with the nurturing work environment, have not only enhanced my legal skills but also instilled in me a deep sense of passion for the legal profession. Thank you for this incredible opportunity, and I look forward to applying the valuable lessons learned during my tenure in my future endeavours to the legal field.
I am Mrinmay Mukherjee, a 3rd year law student at Xavier Law School, St. Xavier’s University Kolkata studying B.Com LLB (Hons).With much enthusiasm, I write this honest feedback regarding my internship experience. My internship period was from 5th of June to 1st of July.I want to express my sincere gratitude for the opportunity that I was provided with, to intern at S Jalan & Co. I am truly grateful for the valuable experience and knowledge I gained during my tenure at the firm.
In the first place, I would like to acknowledge every individual at the firm for their generosity and inviting ambience. On my first day, I was treated with respect by every respected senior associates and my fellow interns, and I felt included and supported from the very beginning. The team's willingness to assist and guide me through various tasks and projects played a crucial role in enhancing my learning experience. I genuinely felt like a valued member of the team, and this positivity greatly contributed to my personal and professional growth.
The degree of mentoring offered here was far above my expectations.I had the privilege of working with the Senior Associates who were not only exceptionally knowledgeable but also have the patience to clarify all my queries and they are quite approachable. I effectively drafted a BNA (Brief Note of Argument), Written Objection, List of Dates, Synopsis and many more during my tenure at the firm. These assignments facilitated me to apply my legal knowledge and develop essential drafting skills. I would like to show gratitude towards Snehasis sir and Abhisheksir for allowing me todo the research work in their leading cases and to attend the court regarding those matters. Their guidance helped me navigate complex legal concepts and strengthened my research capabilities.
Sincere thanks to Ayan Sir &Trishita Ma’am for trusting me with responsibilities that concerned the hearing of their assigned cases. Last but not least, words cannot adequately explain how much Shruti Ma'am has aided me in overcoming every challenge that I faced while working.Every respected associate provide me with clear instructions and patiently guided me through the complexities of each assignment. Their expertise and willingness to assist greatly contributed to my understanding of effective legal drafting techniques.
Another aspect of the internship that I found particularly valuable was the exposure to a wide range of legal cases and practice areas. The firm's commitment to provide interns with diverse assignments, allowed me to gain insights into various facets of the legal profession. This exposure not only broadened my perspective but also helped me identify my areas of interest, which will undoubtedly influence my future career choices.I felt respected as a team member and inspired to pursue excellence since I was encouraged to actively participate in team discussions and contribute my opinion.
The best part of it was getting the opportunity to attend matters in several courts like High Court, National Company Law Tribunal, District Dispute Redressal Forum, Alipore District and Judges Court and many more. In addition, it goes without saying how much the CEO Ma'am and HR Ma'am have supported me with any potential issues I've had at work environment.
To conclude, I would like to commend the firm for its commitment to maintain a healthy work-life balance for its employees. Although the legal profession can often be demanding and stressful, I noticed that the firm prioritized the well-being of its employees. This balance was reflected in the supportive policies and the consideration given to personal obligations, which ultimately resulted in a more motivating and productive work environment.
Once again, I want to express my sincere gratitude to the Managing Partner, Sourav sir for giving me this opportunity to intern at S Jalan & Co. My tenure at the firm has been an irreplaceable learning experience that has solidified my passion for pursuing a legal career. I will cherish the memories and lessons from this internship throughout my professional journey.
Please feel free to reach out to me if you require any further feedback or if there is anything I can assist you with in the future. Thank you once again for the remarkable internship experience.
I am Meghna Mitra, a legal intern from Xavier’s law school, St. Xavier’s University, Kolkata and I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude for the professional growth I have gained during my internship at S. Jalan & Co. As my tenure from 7th June till 1st July 2023 comes to an end, I want to share my thoughts and provide feedback on my overall internship experience.
During my internship I had the privilege of being entrusted with a diverse range of assignments that allowed me to gain valuable practical experience in the legal field. I had the opportunity to work on a wide range of drafting assignments, which proved to be immensely valuable in honing my legal skills.
I successfully drafted a Written Objection, List of Dates, Synopsis etc during my time at the firm. These assignments allowed me to apply my legal knowledge and develop essential drafting skills. The associates provided me with clear instructions and patiently guided me through the intricacies of each task. Additionally, I had the opportunity to conduct research on various legal topics assigned by the associates. They provided me with valuable resources, directed me towards relevant case law and statutory provisions, and encouraged me to think critically while analysing legal issues. Their guidance helped me to navigate complex legal concepts and strengthened my research capabilities.
The office working ambience was truly exceptional and played a significant role in making my internship experience fulfilling. The firm's commitment to professionalism was evident in every interaction. The staff members and colleagues demonstrated a high level of integrity, respect, and dedication to their work.
I am immensely grateful to the associates and the entire team at S Jalan & Co. for providing me with this invaluable opportunity. The practical experiences gained during my internship, coupled with the nurturing work environment, have not only enhanced my legal skills but have also instilled in me a deep sense of passion for the legal profession. Thank you for this incredible opportunity, and I look forward to applying the valuable lessons learned during my tenure to my future endeavours in the legal field.
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